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Welcome Licorice Pizza (LP) lovers! Setup guides and Vinyl FAQ.

RE: Don't worry about the direction of the cut.

> Although the proper anti-skate setting will change, I bet the ratio of grooved/grooveless skating force remains the same.

You're absolutely right! Alignment and tracking error have no effect on the ratio of grooved to grooveless skating force.

I think flood2 is experiencing problems conceptualizing the cause of skating force when he makes an erroneous statement such as the following:

> The skating force at the null point would be "zero" since the tracking error is zero.

You and I both know that skating force is not caused by tracking error. In fact, it's not even affected by tracking error. Skating force is caused by the angle between the groove tangent and the pivot/stylus axis. On a pivotal tonearm with overhang, this angle is always positive and greatest at the outermost groove. It becomes minimum in-between the two null-points before increasing again as the arm moves farther inward toward the innermost groove, but since it's always positive, skating force is always present.

On a grooveless record, this same angle exists because the frictional pull on the stylus from a spinning grooveless record occurs in the same direction as if the stylus were riding in a groove. In other words, the frictional force vector makes an angle with the pivot/stylus axis and creates skating force just as if the stylus were riding in a groove. The only difference would be in the amount of frictional force generated by a grooved surface versus a grooveless surface. However, the direction of the force vector would be exactly the same regardless of whether the stylus is riding in a groove or riding on a flat vinyl surface.

Best regards,
John Elison



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