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Music servers and other computer based digital audio technologies.

industrial archaeology

Manchester Mark 1



"SPDIF was originally a "Debug" port on some original Sony Gear and used the Video output intended to record stuff to Betamax. It used Manchester code, a serial digital protocol never intended for timing critical applications (but likely for early computers, I'm not big on industrial archaeology)."

The lack of a DC component makes it easy to achieve Galvanic isolation. Clock recovery sufficient to decode the incoming bit stream is very robust. However, because the clock is carried on the same channel any bandwidth limitations introduce data dependent jitter into the clock signal. Systems with a separate clock line avoid this first-order effect, with jitter coming through the combination of signal rise time and noise. This makes systems such as SDIF-2 and SDIF-3 superior where the clock jitter needs to be a tiny fraction of the data rate, as in digital audio.

Tony Lauck

"Diversity is the law of nature; no two entities in this universe are uniform." - P.R. Sarkar



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