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RE: As a mathematician who

"Instability refers to things that are not operating as designed."

That's a good definition from an engineering perspective.

For linear systems the mathematics is fairly simple, but real-world systems are non-linear. (Linearity is just an approximation made to make the analysis simple.) A non-linear system can operate in a way that may not have been anticipated by the designer that is not necessarily catastrophic. For example, airframe designers worry about flutter, a non-linear interaction between aerodynamic forces on the structure changing the shape of the airfoil, which in turn changes the forces. These can result in limit cycles or may progress to divergence (catastrophic failure). I experienced limit cycle flutter once in my sailplane. One wing was vibrating. I could see nodes and peaks of the vibration looking out at the wing. This was rather frightening, to say the least! I was able to gradually slow down the aircraft to the point where the oscillation stopped and then landed. The cause was a loose connection to the flaps combined with going at high speed and at high altitude. Had the vibration continued the connection would have gotten looser and looser and the end result might have been catastrophic. The fix was to adjust the loose linkage after performing a careful inspection and taking care on each subsequent pre-flight inspection that all the control connections remained tight (well within specifications).

The term "stability" is also used in perceptual psychology. Neuroscientists are taking this to another level of understanding by modeling how the brain deals with potentially unstable perception. One example is the Necker Cube. I don't know of any research involving psycho-acoustics, but I would think that the existence of a stereo image, vs. the sound stage collapsing to the speakers would be a similar situation.

By the way, you got the wrong bridge. (See below for a link to the video.)



Tony Lauck

"Diversity is the law of nature; no two entities in this universe are uniform." - P.R. Sarkar



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